The Idea behind

talesbythemoonlight

The story of how this blog has come to be is long and winded.

It started out as an idea I had to catalogue stories and family lore from my maternal great-grandmother almost 10 years ago now. As a child of two cultures, born in Nigeria and raised in the UK, I was losing some aspects of my Yoruba culture, key amongst them was the loss of stories I used to hear around the playground and at bedtimes. I wanted to preserve this rich tradition of our culture, but as a naive 15 year old, I thought I had all the time in the world. So the idea faded from my mind and I got stuck into teenage rebellion and all the ills that come with growing up.

Shortly before my 18th Birthday, my Great Grandmother died.

It wasn’t a huge shock, she’d lived a long and fulfilling life. She was 96 when she passed.

But I’d never gotten round to collecting the stories and family history, suddenly, all the time I thought I had vanished. And with her passing, my mum’s family lost not just the matriarch of the family, the whole town of Ilesha lost a treasure trove of information regarding life, culture, history.

You see, my culture has a strong oral tradition, information is generally passed down from grandparent to parent. Parent to child, child to grand child and so on. But the advent of modernisation and the growth of western style nuclear families has meant the fracturing of traditional family life and the loss of many oral traditions. Family jewels no longer passed on to the first daughter of the youngest daughter when a matriarch dies for example. Cultural traditions are being lost at an astounding rate.

Now this is not to diminish some of the benefits of westernisation and it is not to vilify the changing cultural environment. It is simply to draw attention to the plight of most West African cultures that rely heavily on oral tradition.

Back to my great grandmother, her passing was the equivalent of a library being burnt to the ground, the knowledge she possessed about Yoruba culture and traditions, obscure folk tales and aspects of life that were little touched by colonialism are now forever lost to the mists of time. I cannot reclaim them and I cannot turn back time.

So I thought up this blog, as a way to document these folk tales and aspects of our culture, a way for me to curate the information from the remaining family members.

A harder task than it sounds, most of the hundreds and hundreds of stories I heard as a young child in Nigeria are forgotten by both me and my dad who used to tell some of them as bedtime stories.

So the blog will be slightly different, I’m hoping it will grow in time to encompass not just Yoruba folk tales but Igbo ones, Fulani ones, Edo ones, Ashanti stories, Wolof stories and many more from across the continent. And I hope I get contributions from other Africans to add to this blog.

I’m hoping to add background on the different cultures these stories come from, what their traditional beliefs were, their creation myths, music, their philosophical beliefs, language and how their worldview was shaped by the stories they told.

Africans were just as cultured as the Ancient Greeks, Assyrians, Mughal empire and the Han dynasty. We had heroes and villain stories, love stories and conqueror stories, art and culture.

How did West African Mythology influence the World?

And I’m hoping through this, I can also do my part in helping diasporic Africans connect with the cultures they were ripped from forcibly. A DNA test saying I’m Yoruba is good, but it does not add a sense of belonging, it does not help inform and it provides no information about the people I’m from. A resource like what I’m proposing will flesh out and add colour and life to the metaphorical coming home of diasporic Africans.

As a final note…

I’ve always criticised the dearth of literature pertaining to African mythology and stories. Today I finally bit the bullet and decided to make the encyclopedia myself. After all, we cannot expect the white man to write all the books, perpetually taking all the glory.

“Until the Lion learns to speak, Tales of the hunt will always glorify the hunter”

Featured post

How Tortoise’ gluttony cost him his shell

A long long time ago, in a far-off land, there lived a cunning creature called Tortoise. He lived in a hut with his loving wife and worked diligently in his farm. Now while he had a good life, Tortoise wanted a more comfortable existence and as such was always looking for the next get rich quick scheme.

One day, whilst working in his farm, a large flock of birds flew past him. It was a sight to behold, thousands and thousands of birds, stretching as far as the eye could see. The entire horizon was covered different exotic birds, parrots, doves, eagles, vultures, it was a roll call of all the birds in the land.

Having never seen this phenomenon before, Tortoise was keen to find out what was happening, so he called out to the birds. Most flew by him however, they were in such a hurry to get to their destination and their excited chatters and twitters drowned out Tortoise’s voice from below. Luckily for him however, after most of the flock had passed and the deafening roar had subsided, a few birds heard tortoise and feeling kindly, they flew down to talk to him.

“What’s going on?” Tortoise asked, clearly stunned at the spectacle he’d just witnessed, his beady eyes standing on stalks and shining with palpable excitement

“Oh, it’s just all the birds in the land going to a party” Dove cooed

“A party?” Tortoise said, “But if there’s so much of you, it must clearly be a big party”

“Oh yes, it is, the biggest and greatest party of our time! Everyone who’s anyone will be there! The tables will be groaning with food and drink from all corners of the world, no limits on what we can and cannot eat. And best of all, it’s being held in heaven with Oolodumare ass the host!!” Love bird parroted excitedly

“If that’s the case then why was I not invited to the biggest and greatest party of our time?” Tortoise asked, clearly annoyed at the perceived slight and thinking of the supposed food he would be missing out on

“Well…” Dove began

“Well what?” Tortoise snapped

“…the invitation was for birds only” Dove reluctantly divulged

“So, no mammals will be there? How is that fair?” Tortoise whined “I have just as much right to attend this party as you do and if what you’re saying is true, it sounds like the party of the millennium. I’ve never tasted anything but the food I grow on my meagre farm, it’s cassava daily for me. My back is so big because of malnutrition from just cassava”

“I’m so sorry to hear that” Dove said contritely, “I can extend my invitation to you, bring you as my plus one. I’m sure Oolodumare wouldn’t mind one extra, especially as there will be so much food there anyway.

Tortoise jumped up and down in glee at the prospect of gaining an invite to the most exclusive party of the millennia. Then his smile quickly disappeared as he remembered he couldn’t fly.

“How am I going to get to heaven though? I have no wings”

“Don’t worry about that” Dove said, “We’ll each give you one of our flight feathers and make some wings for you”

So, with that arrangement, Dove flew off and collected a flight feather from the birds travelling t the party. After collecting thousands and thousands of feathers, Dove flew back to Tortoise and with the aid of Sparrow, glued the feathers to tortoise’s limbs until he looked more like a fluffy chunky bird than a tortoise.

After a brief running start, tortoise found himself soaring above his farm and soon Dove joined him and guided him to the main formation of birds.

Not content with the invite alone, Tortoise began scheming on a plan to get his belly’s worth of food. As a naturally suspicious creature, he didn’t believe the assertions of Love Bird that there would be food enough for everyone. After all, there were literally hundreds of thousands of birds in the air around him, how rich would Oolodumare have to be and how much food would have to be prepared to be enough for everyone. In his mind, god or not, creator of the universe or not, Oolodumare simply would not be able to feed everyone attending comfortably.

“Dove! Fly over! I have an idea!” Tortoise called to Dove who was next to him

Being the diligent and considerate host, he was, dove flew over to Tortoise to listen to his idea

“You know how there’s so many of us heading to this party, wouldn’t it be nice if we had a system of classification so that we’ll be able to collect our plates of food more comfortably when we get to heaven?” Tortoise postulated silkily, knowing Dove now to be an easily influenced character willing to please his guest.

“Oh yes, definitely” Dove remarked, “I can’t imagine how disruptive the eagles and the vultures will be when we get there! Birds are so uncouth and lack a basic understanding of etiquette”

“Exactly!” Said Tortoise “That’s why I propose we split ourselves off into two groups of creatures, so it can be two orderly lines when we get to heaven.” He declared with a sly smile on his face.

“Sounds good! What should we name the groups?”

Tortoise appeared to think for a second then said, “Well we can name one group ‘All of you’ and another group ‘All of us’ so when heaven asks who we are, we can present our delegations as the different names”

“Who’s going into which group?” Dove asked, clearly enamoured to the idea now

Playing on Dove’s hospitality and friendliness tortoise proclaimed “Since I’m the visitor here, I propose to go into the ‘All of you’ camp, and you and the rest of the birds can go into the ‘All of us’ camp”

Dove was not a particularly bright bird, but the suggestion seemed harmless enough, so he went ahead and presented it to the chief birds. They also thought it harmless and decided to split themselves into two delegations. The ‘All of you’ which would contain Tortoise alone who had so bravely stepped up to field that delegation and occupy it alone and the ‘All of Us’ delegation made up of all the birds attending.

When they arrived at the gates of heaven, the angels asked who was in attendance, the birds chorused: “All of us” and Tortoise said “All of you”

They were then led into the banquet hall, a huge dome shaped building with tables stretching as far as the eyes could see and they were all laden with food, vivid oranges, brightly coloured pomegranate, sweet star fruit, juicy mangoes, succulent watermelon, eba and egusi stew, pounded yam and fufu with a multitude of stews and garnishes. Freshly tapped Palm wine was flowing from a central waterfall.

As the birds began taking their places at the banquet hall, Tortoise announced loudly to no one in particular “Who is all this food for?”

Dove, confused answered “All of us, obviously”

To which Tortoise replied, “so the food is for ‘All of us’?”

“yes”

Tortoise then went to the angels at the door and asked them “Excuse me please, who is all this food for?”

“Why it’s for all of you” The angels replied

So tortoise turned back to Dove and said “The angels said the food is for ‘All of you’ NOT ‘all of us’. And I’m the only one here with the name ‘All of you’ so it’s my food alone”

Outraged, Dove and the other birds demanded to speak to Oolodumare to discuss Tortoise’s betrayal.

Oolodumare counselled them that there was nothing he could do about the situation, rules were rules, they had introduced themselves as ‘All of us’ and the food was indeed for ‘All of you’

Furiously, the birds sat back down and watched in anger as Tortoise devoured as much food and drink as his shell could cope with. He feasted for hours and hours, with course after course of food brought for him alone whilst the birds watched on hungrily and forbidden to touch anything.

Finally, one of the birds had enough, he stood up, scraping his chair against the floor viciously, stalked up to where tortoise was sitting on an elevated platform in the middle of the banquet hall and yanked out the feather he had contributed to Tortoise’s flight wing. Then another bird followed and plucked her feather out. Soon most of the birds had plucked their feathers back and as there was nothing for them in the banquet hall anymore, they flew off.

Some birds did not bother to take their feathers whilst leaving though, so this left tortoise with a meagre number of feathers, where he’d looked like a fluffy eagle when he arrived in heaven, he now looked like a skeletal vulture. It was clear to him, even in his palm wine and eba addled mind that the feathers he was left with would not be able to sustain him flying back home. Especially after the amount of food he had eaten.

In a last desperate panicked bid, he implored Dove to deliver a message to his wife for him. HE asked Dove to tell his wife to bring out all the soft furnishings in he house, all the leaves she could gather, pillows etc that she could get her hands on and place them outside his farm so when he took off from heaven, he’d have something to cushion the almighty fall he was going to experience.

Dove has so far been a patient, understanding and diligent host, but in this final request from Tortoise, he saw an opportunity to get revenge on the terrapin. He assured Tortoise he would personally deliver the message to his wife and help her gather the necessary items to cushion his dear friend’s fall. He told Tortoise that in 3 days’ time, the bed of soft furnishings should be ready.

Tortoise went back to feasting and partying with the angels.

Meanwhile Dove arrived at Tortoises farm and explained to Mrs Tortoise that her husband had caught a terrible terrible creature in heaven and was trying to kick him out but needed her help. He told Mrs Tortoise that she needed to gather all the sharp pointy items she had in her possession, borrow items from her neighbours and acquaintances and build a huge pile of these items in her farm so tortoise could throw down this terrible creature onto the pile and kill it in 3 days’ time.

Mrs Tortoise then set about collecting all the sharp items in her possession, she collected hoes, cutlasses, tree branches, sharp stones, she filed her knives and polished her nails and screws. Rough river rocks and thorns from the garden. She chopped up the furniture in the house into wooden stakes and splinters all of them facing the sky, she primed and coked the hunting guns and pointed them skywards too. By the third day, she had collected all the sharp items that existed within the village and the pile was so great it was visible from heaven and all the sharp items pointed skywards as if worshipping Oolodumare himself. The sheer amount of metal present in the pile was enough to make it glint like a diamond.

Dove flew back to heaven late in the afternoon of the third day and told Tortoise the soft bed of mattresses was prepared. Tortoise looked down and lo and behold was a shiny beautiful looking collection, it was too far away for him to see what it was made of, but it looked very inviting from this height.

Tortoise thanked Dove for his hospitality and remarked on how docile a creature he was after all that had happened between them. He praised Dove for selflessly delivering a final message to his wife despite it all. Dove smiled back and gave Tortoise a last insincere smile before flying off. He was not going to stick around for the aftermath, knowing the fate waiting for tortoise was enough recompense for him.

After eating a last heavy meal and drinking some more palm wine to fortify him for the jump, tortoise staggered to the edge of heaven, took a deep breath and jumped.

 

 

Tortoise’ landing on the pile of objects was so impactful it shattered his rock-hard shell, his pride and joy and splintered it into a million pieces. The sound was so great, it was heard all over the land, even in the kingdom of the birds.

No amount of glue or eba could return his shell back to it’s original pristine condition.

 

How the Tortoise got his shell (Version 1)

So whilst writing this, I remembered that there were two versions of this story I grew up with, both wildly different beginnings and different story lines but the end result was the cracking of Tortoise’s shell. I will upload the second version next, it’s a longer story but no less enjoyable.

A long, long time ago, when the world was younger, the mountains lower and the seas higher; a time of mystery and a time when the veil between worlds was thinner, a time when the animals of the forest and humans spoke the same language…

There was a great famine in the land. The trees shrivelled up and the rivers dried up, the famine was so severe the great savannahs disappeared and turned into dust. Across the land, food disappeared till the animals were reduced to eating dust and swallowing mist.

Foreseeing the death waiting ahead for them, the leaders of the animal kingdom called an emergency meeting. It was the greatest gathering of animals in living history, everyone from Lion to Rat, Cockroach to crocodile attended and they all had a singular purpose: to find a solution to the never-ending famine.

The king of the jungle, Lion presided over the meeting.

“We need an urgent solution to this greatest of events facing us. If we fail, we all die” Lion declared

“Surely it is not as bad as you’re all making it out to be” declared Dog.

“I am too exhausted from constantly looking after my mother day in and day out. She is old and frail, and I must travel hundreds and hundreds of miles daily over the barren land to find enough food for both of us. Despite this, all she does is lie in bed and complain about the meagre pickings I bring her”, Cheetah complained

“My mother does the same thing!” Hyena said.

After the briefest of pauses, Hyena’s eyes lit up

“Perhaps we should round up al our old and useless mothers, we can eat them, that will reduce the amount of food and water we need, and it’ll keep away starvation for a little while longer” he suggested craftily.

There was a huge uproar at that suggestion and all the animals debated for hours and hours on the alternatives. But as there were none, the animals reluctantly agreed, rounded up their mothers, killed them and distributed them evenly to be eaten amongst the kingdom.

Dog disagreed with this decision, but he knew he could not change the minds of the other animals. He loved his mother and refused to surrender her to the slaughter, she was a kind mother and did not complain about the meagre pickings he brought back. She even offered herself up to be eaten but Dog refused. He instead took his mother and hid her up in the clouds, amongst the spirits.

As the famine got worse, Dog was not affected as much anymore. Every day at dawn, Dog would go to a secret place in the land and sing to his mother:

 

“Mother, Mother Drop down the rope,

Everybody ate their mothers,

Dog hid his mother in the clouds.

Mother, Mother Drop down the rope”

Hearing this melody, Dog’s mother would drop the rope for him to climb up into the clouds. Whilst there, she would feed Dog rich, fatty foods and lavish him with so much treats his fur gleamed and the brown of his eyes shined like polished onyx stones.

 

One day, desperately hungry tortoise was foraging deep in the forbidden part of the land looking for anything to eat when he heard a sweet song coming from afar. A naturally curious individual, Tortoise went to investigate the melody. By the time he arrived however, there was no one in the area. Not to be beaten, tortoise hid himself and waited for whoever it was to come back.

A few hours later, to his astonishment, Tortoise witnessed Dog arrive from the sky, climbing down a rope and with his stomach convex and bulging, swinging from side to side with supple vigour. Dog had a big grin on his face.

Not understanding what was happening, tortoise went home and decided to stake out the area the next day.

Packing his bags, he set out early and arrived at the area well before dawn and settled down to wait for Dog’s arrival.

And regular as clockwork, at the first signs of dawn, dog arrived, stood in the clearing and began to sing his song:

“Mother, Mother Drop down the rope,

Everybody ate their mothers,

Dog hid his mother in the clouds.

Mother, Mother Drop down the rope”

 As soon as the last verse was sung, a rope appeared from the clouds like magic and tortoise watched in awe as Dog, with an empty concave stomach climbed up the rope and disappeared into the clouds.

A few hours later, just like the day before, the rope appeared, and Dog climbed down with his stomach once again bulging and swinging and a big grin on his face.

It was then that tortoise determined Dog had found a place to eat to his heart’s content whilst the rest of the animals languished in hunger.

“It’s not fair that the rest of us are dying of hunger yet dog’s belly is turgid with good food” he said to himself. Determining the time of day that Dog frequented the area, Tortoise resolved to go up there himself and enjoy the bounties of the sky too.

On the third day, Tortoise arrived at the location just before dawn and before Dog had arrived

Tortoise set his plan into motion, coughing a bit, he cleared his throat and disguised his voice to sound just like Dog:

“Mother, Mother Drop down the rope,

Everybody ate their mothers,

Dog hid his mother in the clouds.

Mother, Mother Drop down the rope”

Just like magic, the rope descended, and Tortoise began to climb up smug in the belief that he had tricked Dog and his helpers.

Dog, however being a punctual creature and never one to miss an appointment, arrived at the location at dawn just as tortoise was climbing up.

In panic Dog started singing:

“Mother, Mother CUT down the rope,

Everybody ate their mothers,

Dog hid his mother in the clouds.

Mother, Mother CUT down the rope”

Dog’s mother looked down and saw Tortoise climbing up rather than her son, so she did what he asked her to do and cut the rope.

Tortoise was already halfway up into the clouds when the rope was cut, so he fell down to earth with a mighty crash, his shell scattering across the land into fragments big and small.

There Tortoise lay until Ant walked by him and took pity upon him. Ant made a pot of glue and helped Tortoise put his shell back, but as the shell had fractured into a million large and small pieces, Ant could only glue back some of it. When they were done, the shell was rough and had grooves and nooks from missing shell pieces, but it was the best they could do.

And Tortoise and his descendants have had to live with the uneven shell as punishment for his deceit of Dog’s mother.

Yoruba Tales by Moonlight, purpose and format.

 

In Yoruba culture, as in most African cultures with an oral tradition, we have tales by moonlight.

These are folk tales told by anyone with a story to share, from elders to people in position of great respect and even young children. At night, outside on the porch, the story teller sits in front or in the middle and the audience surrounds the story teller. The stories are told in the gloom of twilight and are thus “Tales by moonlight”.

The format in which the stories are told is also important. In African cultures, call and response is an integral part of civic participation. From religious rituals to music, children’s rhymes and everything in between.

In the modern world, the most well-known examples of call and response is in the diaspora, where enslaved Africans sang work songs to help them cope with the inhumanity and desperate suffering they went through in their daily lives (Songs, n.d.). These have now been adapted into modern African American religious music and church traditions. (Water, n.d.)

An example of call and response which everyone probably has heard before is “The Circle of Life” from The Lion King. The beginning of the song in which a male voice chants and several backing vocals respond is a call and response (Life, 1994)

For Yoruba tales by moonlight, the person telling the story starts with a call, and the audience responds. This is repeated a few times, possibly to get the full attention of the listeners. The traditional start of the story is marked by the chant below.

Story teller: Àlọ́ ọ́

Listeners:  Àlọ́

The word “Àlọ́” means “story”  and the chant can be loosely translated as the Yoruba version of “Once Upon a Time” in western folk tales

These tales usually feature anthropomorphic animals involved in human situations. The animal takes the roles of a human and are creatures familiar to the audience in their day to day lives.

They also feature supernatural beings, spirits and the nether realms as yoruba religion practics ancestral worship as well as a diverse pantheon of deities (See my previous pinned post on the yoruba mythological pantheon)

The aim of these stories is to teach the listeners life skills, cultural ideals and the philosophies of the culture.

As stated in the open journal of Modern Linguistics by Timothy Adeyemi Akanbi: (Akanbi, , 2014)

All were entitled to tell a tale if they wished, even the youngest; and all were expected to support the others’ performances by supplying a chorus to the songs. The moral values which are the issue in these stories are correspondingly those which make for harmonious communal living. Good neighbours, loyal friends and faithful wives are contrasted with tricksters, betrayers and deceivers. The important point is not so much that the Àlọ́ are didactic, imparting values to the young… but that the ground and framework of every story are the values of everyday, ordinary human world

Stories like how the tortoise lost its hair teach the listeners about the dangers of stealing and gluttony whilst sstories of how the tortoise got the cracks on its shell teach listeners about the dangers of greed.

As you can probably guess, tortoise stories are very common in Yoruba folk tales. There are other animals used, but tortoises hold a special distinction and are the fall guys in the animal kingdom, exhibiting vices the Yoruba culture frowns upon.

Through the misfortunes that plague the tortoise in these stories, we begin to understand what values and traits Yoruba culture deems acceptable and which it doesn’t.

The animals are always singular entities too, so in all the stories, there is dog, tortoise, lion, leopard, hyena etc. Them and immediate families are the only ones of their species present in the stories, however the misfortunes that befall them apply automatically to the rest of their kind.

With this background in place, I will be publishing my first tale, a very simple one most Yoruba children know; “How the Tortoise got his shell” tomorrow.

Bibliography

Akanbi, T. A., , 2014. The Moral Value of Yorùbá Moonlight Tales. Open Journal of Modern Linguistics, Volume 4, pp. 481-486.

Life, D. T. C. o., 1994. Youtube. [Online]
Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GibiNy4d4gc

Songs, W., n.d. [Online]
Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_Women_Work_Songs

Water, W. i. t., n.d. Wikipedia. [Online]
Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade_in_the_Water

 

 

The Yoruba Pantheon

This article will be updated with more information as time goes on, but for now it is a basic view of the key players in the Yoruba Pantheon.

Also of note, the orishas mentioned and myths discussed on my page are strictly the ones worshipped by west Africans. So I will not be including deities or stories from the diaspora as those tales and orishas are slightly different due to the transatlantic slave trade and the resultant loss of cultural identity in the new world.

 

The Yoruba pantheon is as varied as the Yoruba people, with individual gods being worshipped depending on the family and the craft of the head of the household. It is similar to the Greek pantheon in which sacrifices are offered to specific gods depending on what the person asking wants.

Before diving further into the list of gods and goddesses, we have to make a note of what some words mean:

“Orisha” is the Yoruba word for “deity”. So wherever you see the word orisha, you can substitute it for the word deity/god/goddess.

Moving on…

To make things easier, we can break down the list of Orishas into different families. Four to be exact;

The divine Orishas:

  • Eeledumare
  • Oolorun
  • Olofi

The Spirits/ manifestations of human traits:

  • Ori (The Yorubas believe strongly in the power of ori. Ori is seen as the personification of one’s spiritual intuition, destiny, one’s future and it is asked to intercede on one’s behalf during difficult situations)
  • Orunmila

Male Orishas:

  • O̩balúayé – said to have dominion over the Earth and smallpox
  • Aganju – A deified warrior king from the town of Shaki in the present-day Oyo State of Nigeria. He was said to walk with a sword, strongly associated as Sango’s brother
  •  Ibejí – Twin orishas, the patron deities of twins
  • Erinlẹ̀ – Orisha of medicine, healing, and comfort, physician to the gods
  • Èṣù – Orisha of crossroads, duality, beginnings, travellers, fertility and death
  • Ọbàtálá – creator of human bodies; Orisha of light, spiritual purity, and moral uprightness
  • Oduduwa – Orisha of Humans
  • Ògún – Orisha who presides over iron, fire, hunting, politics and war
  • Osanyin – Orisha of the forest
  • Ọ̀ṣọ́ọ̀sì – Orisha of the hunt and forest
  • Ṣàngó- Orisha of thunder and lightning

Female Orishas

  • Ọbà – first wife of Shango and Orisha of domesticity and marriage
  • Ọ̀ṣun – Orisha who presides over love, intimacy, beauty, wealth and diplomacy
  • Ọya – Orisha of the Niger River; associated with wind, lightning, fertility, fire, and magic
  • Yemọja – a mother goddess; patron deity of women, and the Ogun river

 

Moremi Ajasoro, Princess of the Yoruba

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Moremi Ajasoro was an illustrious and brave woman who lived in Ile-Ife around the 12th century AD. Although she hailed from Offa, through marriage, she was related to the royal family and her husband, King Oramiyan was a direct descendant of the legendary founding father of the Yorubas, Oduduwa.

She was noted as extremely beautiful.

During the time she lived, the city of Ile Ife was in constant conflict with the forest people (Igbo according to Yoruba language, although they bear no resemblance to today’s Igbo people). Due to the constant nature of the conflict, the Igbo raiding parties were very successful in disrupting city life and they captured many townsfolk, enslaving and carrying them away to their settlements.

Conventional methods of retaliation by the people of Ile-Ife did not work and it was clear a radical rethink was needed to solve the conflict.

It was at this time that Moremi decided to consult with the spirits, asking them for guidance in the plight of her people. She consulted the spirit of the river Esimirin and in return for information on how to defeat her enemies, she promised the sacrifice of her son Oluorogbo, the dearest and greatest gift she possessed.

After consulting with the river spirit, she went to an area on the outskirts of Ile-Ife that she knew was frequently raided and waited to be captured.

When the forest raiders captured her as she’d planned, they gave her away as tribute to their king.  Due to her extreme beauty, wisdom, wit and courage, the king became extremely enamoured of her. He fell deeply in love with her and so did the people of the forest kingdom. The king even married her and made her his consort, lavished her with gifts and comforts she could only dream of.

But Moremi never lost sight of her goals and  over the many months she was in the forest kingdom, she familiarised herself with their customs, tactics, weapons, philosophies and plans. Everything that might be useful to the Yoruba army, she learnt. Through all these preparations and skilful questioning of the king, she managed to learn the biggest weakness of the Igbo forest raiders.

The king, through pillow talk revealed that the only true weakness of his warriors was fire.

It turned out that the warriors prepared for raids by covering themselves with grass and bamboo fibres, items that were very susceptible to fire. A warrior dressed in grass and bamboo would go up in flames like a bonfire if he encountered fire in any form.

With her work done, Moremi finally escaped the land of the forest people, made her way back to Ile Ife and demanded an audience with her first husband, King Oramiyan. After divulging all that she knew, including the crucial information about the grass and bamboo clothing, Oramiyan immediately pardoned her for marrying the forest king and immediately reinstated her back to the position of his Queen consort.

Moremi, being a woman of integrity did not forget the promise she made to the river spirit and after delivering her message to the King, she made her way to the shrine of the river spirit Esimirin with her son Oluorogbo in tow.

With the information she found out, the Yorubas were able to beat back ad eventually rout the forest raiders, pacifying the region and paving the way for future conquests and expansions of the Yoruba Kingdom.

As for Moremi, after fulfilling her promise to the river spirit she went back to the palace, her job done as the Queen of the Yorubas. Because of the great sacrifices she made and the heartbreak she endured through the loss of her son Oluorogbo, she singlehandedly saved her people from extinction at the hands of foreign invaders.

Today Moremi is still honoured in the Yoruba kingdom, with university halls of residences, teaching halls, roads etc named after the legendary princess. Her son Oluorogbo also lives on in a place name. Moremi’s statue in Ile-Ife is the fourth tallest in Africa and she is still held in high regard by the Yoruba people.

A true people’s princess

 

 

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